Big data refers to the large and complex data sets that are too difficult to process using traditional data processing techniques. Big data is characterized by the 3 Vs: volume, variety, and velocity. Big data is used in many applications, such as marketing analytics, fraud detection, and recommendation systems. Popular big data frameworks include Hadoop, Spark, and Kafka. Take a look Cloud computing is a model of computing where resources, such as computing power, storage, and applications, are delivered over the internet on a pay-per-use basis. Cloud computing can provide flexibility, scalability, and cost savings. Popular cloud computing platforms include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform.